Question 4 (30 + 60 seconds)

In this question, you will read a short passage on academic subject, listen to a lecture on the same topic, and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.

Culture

Reading Time – 45 seconds

Culture consists of the beliefs, values, rituals, texts, and symbols of a society. An important element of culture is the rules – or norms – that regulate behavior and maintain social order. Some norms tell us how we should behave. For example, obey authority and treat others with respect. Some norms are traditions or customs, such as clothing styles. Other norms cover matters of morality, such as courtship behavior or showing respect to ancestors. The most essential norms cover activities that are central to the well being of the whole society; these rules are established as laws, both written and unwritten.

Tape script

Now listen to part of a talk in a business class

When you think about it, corporations have all the familiar elements of other types of culture. Corporations have values, norms, rituals, symbols and so forth. As in any society, these things define the whole group.

Corporate culture gives the meaning to the daily activities of the company. The company logo and colors are like the flag of any nation. In a lot of corporations, your tank is signified by the suit you wear and the size and location of your office. Corporations have rituals, like the employee picnic or the executive fishing trip. These rituals bring people together to celebrate corporate unity. These are also corporate texts, such as the sayings of the founder or president.

Generally speaking, well-established companies have traditional corporate cultures. For example, new employees may learn the company song or may wear the corporate uniform of dark suit, white shirt, and striped tie. Business hours are standard and office conduct is formal.

In contrast, many new technology firms have a very informally culture. Employees go to work in blue jeans, T-shirts, and sneakers. They may come and go at will; they may bring their pets to work. In informal cultures like this, there are often no fixed traditions to follow.

Sample Response4:

(Please note that this is just one very good example out of many possible approaches)