Dear folks,
How do you feel about the coming test? Spooky? If so, you are not alone. But you will be at great ease provided attention can be set on the following:
l A rousing breakfast.
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Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agree with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this is the passage
According to geological evidence, Mt. Baker blew its top twice in the 20th century.
Scientists regard pyroclastic eruptions generated by Mt. St. Helens as parallel to those non-explosive eruptions.
A series of earthquake activities were recorded, after the monitoring system was installed.
The Vancouver Columbian team was unable to confirm the summit eruption because of thick clouds.
The eruptions through April were all steam eruptions.
In April earthquake activities occurred largely beneath the bulged area of the northern flank.
The quantity of dust ejected by Mt. St. Helens eruption was negligible.
Questions 8 and 9Name two types of volcanic explosion that are mentioned in Paragraph D. USE ONE WORD for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8 and 9 on your answer sheet.
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You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1—14 which are based on Reading Passage 1MT. ST. HELENS ERUPTION (1980)
Mt. St. Helen's was known as one of the most picturesque volcanoes in the Cascade Range before its violent eruption on May 18, 1980. The eruption generated a massive lateral blast that devastated the northern flank of the volcano, flattening millions of mature Douglas fir trees over a fan-shaped area of 600 square kilometers. The blast zone was further subjected to a huge debris avalanche.
The event occurred along the boundary of two of the moving plates that make up the Earth’s crust. They meet at the junction of the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean. One edge of the continental North American plate overrides the oceanic Juan de Fuca micro-plate, producing the volcanic Cascade range that includes fifteen currently active volcanoes. Before 1980, the last one to erupt was California's Mt. Lassen, from 1914 to 1917. In the mid-1970's scientists were concerned that Mt. Baker, in northern Washington, might be the site of the next volcanic eruption, based on increased fumarolic activity on the volcano. However, in 1978, volcanologists Dwight Crandell and Don Millineaux suggested that Mt. St. Helens was potentially the most likely volcano to erupt in the twentieth century. They based their evidence on the relatively young age of the volcano, and its frequent historic eruptions. Before the 1980 eruption, it had been 130 years since Mt. St. Helens last erupted. The of historic eruptions at Mt. St. Helens was also worrisome. Mt. St. Helens typically generates explosive pyroclastic eruptions, in contrast to many other Cascade volcanoes, such as Mt. Rainier which typically generates relatively non-explosive eruptions of lava.
In 1980, the University of Washington had just completed the establishment of a system of seismometers to help monitor the Cascade volcanoes. The computer feeds for the station went into operation on March 1. The first indications of a major problem came on March 20, when a 4.2 magnitude earthquake was recorded beneath Mt. St. Helens. Three days later another 4.0 M was recorded, and that evening the earthquakes began occurring in swarms centered directly beneath the volcano, at a rate of about 15 per hour. By March 25, magnitude 4 events were shaking Mt. St. Helens at a rate of about 3 per hour.
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